枸杞生物技术研究进展

综述了国内外枸杞生物技术研究进展,包括了枸杞无性植株的再生、胚培养在育种中的应用;单倍体和多倍体,单细胞和原生质体培养技术;体细胞突变体筛选以及遗传转化再生植株的研究进展。     

啮齿动物胎仔数与生活史变量的关系

胎仔数是影响哺乳动物繁殖率的基本参数 ,与动物的生活史变量密切相关。胎仔数及其相关的生活史变量 ,包括后代的质量、幼体的生存、母体的体重及母体的生存等 ,共同影响繁殖适合度。简述了胎仔数与生活史变量关系的研究方法及研究对象的选择 ,着重介绍了胎仔数与幼体和母体生活史变量的关系 :胎仔数与后代的质量呈负相关 ,后代的质量又决定了幼体的生存 ;胎仔数与母体体重相关不显著 ,而且可能对母体的生存产生负面影响。有关胎仔数与其生活史变量的关系还有待于进一步的探索 ,更多先进技术手段与方法的交叉运用将补充和完善胎仔数研究的内容     

中华绒螯蟹消化道组织学及扫描电镜研究

对中华绒螯蟹成蟹消化道各段进行了光镜组织学结构的观察;应用扫描电镜技术,观察了中华绒螯蟹消化道各段黏膜上皮表面超微结构特征。结果表明：除中肠及后盲囊外,整个消化道黏膜上皮表面均有较厚的分泌物层和较发达的纤毛层。纤毛形态结构各异;以食道和后肠分布最密,胃和肠球次之。消化道各段黏膜上皮细胞表面均形成大小不一、形态各异的多级皱褶和嵴。仅中肠表面具典型微绒毛结构。各消化道段黏膜上皮表面均未见杯状细胞,上皮下基膜发达,黏膜下层明显,消化腺分布其间。整个消化道壁的肌层均为横纹肌,且排列疏松,外膜多为浆膜。     

梨叶柄再生不定芽的研究

研究获得了梨品种八月红和水晶的叶柄再生不定芽,不定芽由愈伤组织分化形成。诱导叶柄再生不定芽的适宜培养基为NN69＋IBA0.5mg/L（八月红）或IAA0.5mg/L(水晶）＋TDZ1.0mg/L＋蔗糖30g/L＋琼脂6.0g.。AgNO3浓度在0.1-1.5mg/L范围对八月红梨叶柄再生有促进作用,培养基中附加AgNO30.5mg/L八月红梨叶柄再生效率最高。     

抗鸡白痢益生菌株的筛选

利用从健康蛋鸡和肉鸡肠道内分离的菌株以及本实验室保存菌,在体外分别与鸡白痢沙门菌强毒株作用48h后,以涂片染色镜检法和菌落计数法筛选出对鸡白痢沙门菌有抑制作用的5株细菌,即鸡粪肠球菌、鸡非致病性大肠埃希菌、环状芽胞杆菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌,抑制率分别为97.8%、99％、99.9％、98.2％和78％。     

A Study on the Overwintering of Cucumber Downy Mildew Oospores in China

Oospore formation of Pseudoperonospora cubensis was investigated in 10 Chinese locations: Mohe, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Beijing, Liaocheng, Yinchuan, Xining, Yangling and Haikou. Oospores were observed in all but Haikou. Oospore viability was monitored from 10 January to 10 July 2009, in Harbin. Percentages of activated oospores increased from 10 April with a peak in late May (14.0% on 25 May 2009), and then decreased. This is in accordance with the usual time of downy mildew appearance in Harbin, 20–30 May. Inoculation tests using the oospores overwintered in Harbin, whether in the greenhouse or outdoors, showed that these were viable, with a disease occurrence of 26.6–95.0%. Oospores overwintering locally could be primary infection sources of downy mildew in cool temperate northern China.     

微生物生态研究中基于BIOLOG方法的数据分析

BIOLOG微平板法作为一种方便快速的微生物检验技术,已广泛应用于环境微生物检测,微生物生态研究等方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。该方法可以获得关于微生物群落碳源利用能力的大量数据,反映出关于微生物活性的丰富信息。然而大量的数据也对解释和分析提出了挑战,分析了应用于BIOLOG产生数据的统计分析方法,对常用的AWCD值计算,多样性指数计算,主成分分析(PCA),聚类分析,相关、回归等方法深入探讨,阐述各自的功能、不足以及在应用中容易出现的问题。另外也对一些不常见的方法,如非参数多元分析(Non-Parametric version of MANOVA/Permutation version of MANOVA)、动力学参数分析、多元回归树、典范对应分析等也进行了讨论。通过对不同方法应用目标和原理的分析论述了各自优缺点,对微生物研究中基于BIOLOG方法数据分析的选择应用提供参考。     

Early adenoviral gene expression mediates immunosuppression by transduced dendritic cell (DC): implications for immunotherapy using genetically modified DC

Long-lasting, high-level gene expression in the absence of a toxic or inflammatory response to viral Ags is necessary for the successful application of genetically modified dendritic cell (DC). We previously demonstrated that efficient transduction of mature DC using DeltaE1DeltaE3 adenoviruses suppressed their stimulatory capacity for T cells. The current study was designed to investigate in more detail the suppressive effect of Ad-DC. We demonstrate that immunosuppression is not mediated by alterations in the T cell phenotype or cytokine profiles released by stimulated T cells. Also DC phenotypes are not affected. However, we demonstrate a cell cycle arrest of the T cell population stimulated by adenovirally transduced DC. Surprisingly, only freshly transduced DC are perturbed in their stimulatory capacity. Experiments using cycloheximide to block early intracellular viral gene expression showed that viral genes expressed in DC are responsible for this transient immunosuppression. In agreement with these findings, high-capacity (gutless) Ad-vectors that differ in viral gene expression from conventional DeltaE1DeltaE3 adenovirus are suitable for an efficient transduction of human DC. DC transduced with gutless Ad-vectors showed a high allostimulatory capacity for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Thus, the immunosuppressive effect of DeltaE1DeltaE3 Ad-transduced mature DC seems to be the result of early viral gene expression in DC that can be prevented using gutless Ad-vectors for transduction. These results have important implications for the use of genetically modified DC for therapeutic application.     

Inconsistent susceptibility to autoimmunity in inbred LEW rats is due to genetic crossbreeding involving segregation of the arthritis-regulating gene Ncf1

We recently identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Ncf1 gene, a component of the NADPH oxidase complex, to be the cause of one of the strongest identified loci for arthritis severity in rats. This polymorphism was found to be naturally occurring in a collection of inbred rat strains as well as in wild rats. Among the inbred strains we found that different LEW substrains (LEW/Ztm and LEW/Mol), originating from different breeders, showed an allelic discrepancy in Ncf1, suggesting an impact on arthritis susceptibility between these substrains. In fact, the LEW/Mol strain was completely resistant to pristane-induced arthritis, in contrast to the LEW/Ztm strain, which was susceptible. Moreover, the LEW/Mol strain had higher production of radical oxygen species in peripheral blood leukocytes, a phenomenon most likely regulated by the polymorphisms in the Ncf1 gene. However, the phenotypic difference between LEW/Mol and LEW/Ztm is most likely a combination of several genes, of which Ncf1 is suggested to be the major regulating gene. This has also been confirmed by previous linkage analyses involving the LEW/Ztm strain which shows that a QTL on chromosome 12, most likely caused by polymorphism of Ncf1, is the major regulatory gene but that other loci are contributing. That more genes are likely to contribute was shown by a complete genome comparison of the LEW/Ztm and the LEW/Mol rat strains that uncovered an introduction of approximately 37% non-LEW genome into the LEW/Mol strain, which probably was caused by past crossbreeding. Therefore, the LEW/Mol should be regarded as a recombinant inbred strain.